Bit Breakdown: Understanding Bit Mechanics

Finding the perfect bit for a horse is no easy task, especially in barrel racing, where performance and control must balance with comfort and clear communication. In this guide, we'll walk through the different parts of a bit, the mechanics behind each part, and how it all works together to help you effectively communicate with your equine partner.

The Shanks and Sweep of a Bit

The shanks are the lower portions of the bit, extending below the mouthpiece and serving as leverage points. The design of the shanks—particularly their length, weight, and curvature (often referred to as "sweep")—significantly impacts how a horse responds to a rider's hand movements.

• Curved (Swept) Shank: A shank with a larger sweep creates a slower reaction when pressure is applied. This can be beneficial for riders who need a bit that offers more gradual communication, providing a gentler cue for the horse to respond.
• Straight Shank: In contrast, a straighter shank results in a quicker reaction time, immediately connecting with the horse's mouth as soon as pressure is applied.

The length of the shank also plays a role in response time: shorter shanks require less pressure for a response, while longer shanks need more force to achieve the same effect. When selecting shanks, riders should consider their handling style and the specific challenges they may face in a high-pressure competition setting. By choosing the right shank, a rider can achieve a balance that enhances communication with the horse without compromising control.

L&W Kathy James (short shank)

L&W Kathy James (long shank)

Purchase Length and Its Influence

The purchase, or the distance from where the headstall attaches to the mouthpiece, plays a crucial role in a bit’s functionality. A larger purchase creates leverage that encourages the horse to break at the poll and engage its hindquarters, promoting better balance and control.

• Longer Purchase: This allows the curb strap to attach higher on the jaw, slowing down the bit’s reaction and encouraging the horse to move with more grace and control.
• Shorter Purchase: With a shorter purchase, the bit responds faster, making it ideal for riders who want quicker reactions.

L&W #179 Lifter Bit (longer purchase)

L&W Mikey Bit (shorter purchase)

Jointed vs. Solid Mouthpieces

One of the primary distinctions in bits is whether the mouthpiece is jointed or solid. Each type offers distinct advantages depending on the horse's training level, flexibility, and sensitivity.

• Jointed Mouthpieces: Bits with one or more joints allow for lateral flexion, making them ideal for horses that need encouragement to bend or turn more fluidly. A broken mouthpiece often works well for young or stiff horses because it loosens them up and provides flexibility.
• Solid Mouthpieces: Solid mouthpieces are stiffer, creating a direct connection between the rider's hands and the horse’s mouth, which helps keep the horse straight. This can be useful for horses that are overly flexible or tend to be too “noodle-y”.

Professional's Choice Brittany Pozzi Lifter Bit (left - jointed; right - solid)

Thickness of the Mouthpiece

The thickness of the mouthpiece also matters, as it determines how the bit interacts with the horse's mouth, including the bars, tongue, and palate.

• Thinner Mouthpieces: These provide a heightened "feel" due to the smaller surface area, requiring less pressure for the horse to notice a cue.
• Thicker Mouthpieces: Thicker mouthpieces tend to be gentler. With the extra weight and bulk, these bits sit more comfortably in the horse’s mouth.

 

Types of Mouthpieces

Different mouthpieces create specific pressures in the horse’s mouth, helping riders achieve desired responses based on the horse’s needs.

1. Twisted Wire

Twisted wire mouthpieces are popular for their versatility and customizability. Their feel varies based on the frequency of twists and the shape of the wire itself.

• Smooth Twists: A smoother twist is gentler, making it a good choice for sensitive or responsive horses. While a more angular or hexagonal twist offers more feedback and “bite”.
• Tighter Twists: The closer the twists, the more “feel” the bit provides, making it more noticeable to the horse.

2. Dog Bone

Dog bone mouthpieces have two joints, which creates a “dog bone” shape at the center. These bits provide more bend, which is great for horses that are sensitive around the mouth’s corners and need a bit more flexibility.

Professional's Choice Derby Bit

3. Lifesaver

Similar in design to a dog bone, the lifesaver has a small ring in the center that engages the tongue when pressure is applied, adding another dimension of control. This feature discourages horses from putting their tongue over the bit, making it a great choice for horses that frequently try to avoid the bit.

Dutton O-Ring Bit

4. Port

While traditionally used in roping, ported mouthpieces also work in barrel racing, especially for horses that need added stability.

• Small Port: Ideal for young or inexperienced horses, as it adds just enough stability without too much restriction.
• Large Port: Suitable for advanced training, providing significant control over the horse’s position.

Ed & Martha Wright Chain Bit (larger port)

Professional's Choice Derby Bit (smaller port)

5. Bar/Mullen

The Mullen, or bar mouthpiece, is one of the simplest designs. This solid bar provides gentle cues without adding excessive direction, making it suitable for horses that are prone to overreaction or excessive flexibility.

Martha Josey "Go Around" Bit (mullen mouthpiece)

Selecting the Right Bit for Training vs. Competition

Selecting a bit suitable for both training and competitive environments can significantly impact a horse’s performance. Some riders prefer to use more substantial bits during training to improve a horse’s responsiveness and respect, opting for milder bits during competitions to prevent overuse and ensure a lighter response. Ultimately, the right bit will be whatever choice maximizes the harmony of both the horse and the rider's individual styles. 

We have a vast variety of bits to choose from at Leanin' Pole Arena, and we are always happy to answer any questions you may have!